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Structural principle analysis of adjustable pressure limiting unloading valve for slurry pump
As a widely used equipment in mining, construction and other fields, the safety and efficiency of slurry pump operation are crucial. Among them, the adjustable pressure limiting unloading valve is one of the key components to ensure the stable operation of the slurry pump in high-pressure environments. The adjustable pressure limiting unloading valve will be analyzed in detail from three aspects: structure, working principle, and function.
1. Structural composition
The adjustable pressure limiting unloading valve mainly consists of the following parts:
Main valve body: As the basic framework of the entire unloading valve, it is equipped with a pressure regulating mechanism and a flow channel inside.
Overflow valve core: used to control the maximum working pressure of the system. When the system pressure exceeds the set value, the overflow valve core opens, allowing excess pressure oil to flow back to the oil tank.
Spring component: Provides preload force to determine the opening pressure threshold of the unloading valve. By adjusting the compression degree of the spring, the operating pressure of the unloading valve can be changed.
Electromagnetic valve or manual regulating device: used for remote control of the opening and closing of the unloading valve, achieving automated operation or manual intervention.
One way valve: prevents hydraulic oil from flowing back and ensures system stability.
2. Working principle
The working principle of adjustable pressure limiting unloading valve is based on the combination mechanism of overflow valve and one-way valve, as follows:
Normal working state: When the slurry pump system is within the normal working pressure range, the overflow valve core is in the closed state, and hydraulic oil flows through the main oil circuit to the actuator (such as the driving part of the pump), maintaining a normal pressure level.
Overpressure protection state: When the system pressure rises for some reason and exceeds the set safety threshold, the overflow valve core is subjected to excessive hydraulic pressure, overcoming the pre tension force of the spring and opening. At this time, excess hydraulic oil returns to the oil tank through the overflow channel, thereby reducing the system pressure and avoiding equipment damage.
Unloading state: In some cases, such as when the pump output needs to be stopped but the motor continues to run, the unloading valve can be opened through an electromagnetic valve or other control methods to directly return hydraulic oil to the oil tank. At this time, the system pressure is almost zero, achieving the goal of energy saving.
3. Functional features
Wide pressure regulation range: The pressure regulation range of adjustable pressure limiting unloading valves is usually 0.5-5.0 MPa, which can meet the needs of different working conditions. Users can flexibly adjust the pressure setting value according to actual construction conditions.
Automatic unloading and loading: When the system pressure exceeds the set value, the unloading valve automatically opens to release excess pressure; When the pressure drops to a safe range, the unloading valve automatically closes, restoring the normal oil supply state of the system. This automated control method improves the operational convenience of the equipment.
Protecting equipment and pipelines: By timely unloading, equipment damage or pipeline rupture caused by overpressure is prevented, extending the service life of slurry pumps and related components.
Improve work efficiency: Unloading valves can keep the pump in a low-power state without the need for high pressure, reducing energy consumption while avoiding unnecessary wear and tear.
4. Application scenarios
Adjustable pressure limiting unloading valves are widely used in the following scenarios:
Mine drainage and transportation: In mines, slurry pumps are often used to transport slurry containing a large amount of solid particles. Unloading valves can quickly respond when the pressure is too high, protecting equipment from damage.
Water conservancy engineering and dredging operations: During the dredging process of river channels, slurry pumps need to work continuously for a long time. The presence of unloading valves helps maintain the stable operation of the system and avoid sudden pressure fluctuations.
Construction sites and tunnel engineering: In these environments, slurry pumps are often used to transport concrete or other building materials, and unloading valves can effectively prevent overpressure accidents caused by material blockage or operational errors.
5. Design and selection considerations
When designing and selecting adjustable pressure limiting unloading valves, the following points should be noted:
Matching system pressure level: Select the appropriate unloading valve based on the maximum working pressure of the slurry pump to ensure that its adjustment range covers the required pressure range.
Consider flow matching: The diameter of the unloading valve should match the flow rate of the pump to ensure smooth discharge of excess hydraulic oil in the unloading state and avoid back pressure.
Reasonable installation location: Unloading valves are generally installed near the outlet of the pump to quickly respond to changes in system pressure. At the same time, it should be ensured that the oil discharge port is unobstructed to avoid back pressure affecting the unloading effect.
Maintenance and upkeep: Regularly check the sealing performance of the unloading valve and the flexibility of the regulating mechanism to ensure its reliable operation at critical moments.
summarize
As a key component in the hydraulic system of slurry pumps, adjustable pressure limiting unloading valves not only have good pressure control capabilities, but also provide effective protection measures in abnormal situations. By designing and applying the valve reasonably, not only can the efficiency of the slurry pump be improved, but the service life of the equipment can also be significantly extended, ensuring the safety and stability of the construction site.
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(Editor in charge: Slurry Pump https://www.fuyangpumps.com/)
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