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Analysis of the influence of geometric parameters of the back blades of slurry pumps on pump performance
As a key component of slurry pumps, the geometric parameters (shape, number, width, etc.) of the back blades directly affect the external characteristics (efficiency, head), wear, and operational stability of the pump by changing the flow field distribution, pressure characteristics, and axial force balance state inside the pump. The specific impact patterns are analyzed from multiple dimensions below.
The influence of back blade shape on pump performance
The dominant role of external characteristics: The shape of the back blade is the core factor affecting the external characteristics of the slurry pump. The backward curved back blade can significantly improve pump efficiency, but it will reduce the head; Radial straight back blades, on the other hand, can increase head but have lower efficiency.
Internal flow field and wear characteristics: Radial straight back blades can reduce the overall pressure and solid volume fraction in the front and rear pump chambers, lower the risk of wear on flow components, but can lead to turbulent flow lines and increased vortices in the pump chamber; The flow field of the backward curved back blade is more stable, but the solid particle concentration is higher and the wear is relatively severe.
Axial force balance: Rear curved back blades can achieve the minimum axial force under a specific number (such as 12), while the axial force of radial straight back blades increases with the number of blades.
The influence of the number of back blades on pump performance
Optimization of external characteristics: Increasing the number of back blades appropriately (such as from 8 to 12) can improve pump efficiency, especially when combined with a curved shape; However, excessive numbers may lead to blockage of the flow channel, which in turn reduces efficiency.
Pressure and axial force regulation: As the number of radial straight back blades increases, the overall pressure in the front and rear pump chambers decreases, but the axial force increases accordingly; The number of backward curved back blades has a trend of "increasing first and then decreasing" on the axial force, with the maximum axial force at 8 blades and the minimum at 12 blades.
Engineering design reference: In conventional design, it is recommended to control the number of back blades within 6-12, which needs to be comprehensively optimized based on pump flow rate, head requirements, and medium characteristics.
The synergistic effect of the combination design of the back blade and the secondary impeller
External characteristic superposition influence: The shape of the back blade plays a dominant role in the external characteristics of the combination design. The combination of rear curved back blades and rear curved secondary impellers can achieve the highest efficiency, while the combination of radial straight back blades and rear curved secondary impellers can balance sealing ability and wear control.
Pressure and Solid Phase Control: The combination of radial straight back blades and 12 rear curved secondary impellers can minimize the pressure inside the secondary impeller and reduce the risk of leakage; When the secondary impeller blades are straight, the internal solid phase velocity is lower, further reducing wear.
Unsteady flow field characteristics: Radial straight back blades can cause the main frequency pressure amplitude of the front and rear pump chambers to be significantly higher than that of the rear curved type, which may exacerbate pump body vibration and noise. Dynamic stability optimization is required through flow field simulation.
The supplementary role of materials and maintenance on the performance of the back blade
Wear resistant material selection: High strength and high toughness materials such as ADI (Austenitized Ductile Iron) are used to manufacture the back blades, which can enhance their wear resistance, especially suitable for high concentration and high hardness granular media.
Maintenance and upkeep: It is necessary to regularly check the wear of the back blades and use them in conjunction with protective components such as filters and baffles to prevent large particles from entering the pump chamber and extend the service life of the back blades.
By optimizing the shape, number, and combination design of the back blades with the secondary impeller, multi-objective optimization of slurry pump efficiency improvement, wear reduction, and axial force balance can be achieved. Combined with material upgrades and maintenance management, the equipment operating cycle can be further extended.
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